1. CHANCROID - Chancroid is a bacterial disease that is spread only through sexual contact. Chancroid is a sexually-transmitted infection caused by a type of bacteria called Haemophilus ducreyi
SYMPTOMS
Within 1 day - 2 weeks after getting chancroid, a person will get a small bump in the genitals. The bump becomes an ulcer within a day of its appearance. The ulcer:
Ranges in size from 1/8 inch to 2 inches across
Is painful
Has sharply defined borders
Has irregular or ragged borders
Has a base that is covered with a grey or yellowish-grey material
Has a base that bleeds easily if banged or scraped
About half of infected men have only a single ulcer. Women often have 4 or more ulcers. The ulcers appear in specific locations.
Common locations in men are:
Foreskin (prepuce)
Groove behind the head of the penis (coronal sulcus)
Shaft of the penis
Head of the penis (glans)
Opening of the penis (urethral meatus)
Scrotum
In women the most common location for ulcers is the outer lips of the vagina (labia majora). "Kissing ulcers" may develop. These are ulcers that occur on opposite surfaces of the labia. Other areas such as the inner vagina lips (labia minora), the area between the genitals and the anus (perineal area), and inner thighs may also be involved. The most common symptoms in women are pain with urination and intercourse.
2. VAGINITIS - commonly mistaken for yeast infection
Vaginal discharge is a frequent gynecologic complaint, accounting for more than 10 million office visits annually. Physiologic vaginal discharge is white, odorless and increases during midcycle due to estrogen. Abnormal vaginal discharge may result from vaginitis or vaginosis, cervicitis and occasionally endometritis. Vaginitis presents with an increase in the amount, odor or color of discharge and may be accompanied by itching, dysuria, dyspareunia, edema or irritation of the vulva. The three most common causes of vaginal discharge are bacterial vaginosis or BV (40% to 50% of cases; associated with Gardnerella vaginalis and overgrowth of various bacteria including anaerobes), vulvovaginal candidiasis (20% to 25% of cases) and trichomoniasis (figure 31) (15% to 20% of cases). While trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease, bacterial vaginosis occurs in women with high rates of STDs as well as in women who have never been sexually active
3. Human Papillomavirus Infection
MALE
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. The prevalence ranges from 20% to 46% in young women worldwide. In the U.S., 1% of sexually active persons between the ages of 15 to 49 years are estimated to have genital warts from HPV. The incidence of HPV infection is high among college students (35% to 43%) especially among minority races, individuals with multiple sexual partners and alcohol consumption. Immunocompromised persons including those with HIV infection have increased prevalence of HPV infection.