Orelle Richards, has been charged with obtaining money by false pretence after he reportedly swindled hundreds of thousands of dollars from 18 persons under the guise that he was a Ministry of Labour and Social Security employee, capable of procuring work overseas on their behalf.
Not remorseful
Senior Resident Magistrate Glen Brown, who heard the matter, said, in the past, the accused did not appear remorseful about what he had done. Richards' attorney, however, noted that his client admitted that he did something wrong. His attorney also said his client would be making amends. After pleas from his attorney for bail, RM Brown eventually granted Richards $30,000 bail, with surety ,and set the matter to be mentioned on February 9.
Plea
When he appeared in the Corporate Area Resident Magistrate's Court, Richards had quick and witty responses when he was being asked to plea in the matter. At the last court hearing, Richards said he felt he should be charged on evidence as he did not believe he had scammed 18 people.Deputy Public Defender Noel Irving has revealed that, while a settlement has been agreed for an ex-woman constable who currently lives at the Marie Atkins Shelter in downtown Kingston, no funds will be disbursed until the issue of her residence is settled.
Case officer Howard Bennett told The Gleaner that the Office of the Public Defender was waiting to see the final disposition of the policewoman's case, but the matter was in the hands of the human resource department of the Jamaica Consta-bulary Force.
"We investigated her case and we brought it to the point where it was referred to the police human resource department," Bennett said. "They subsequently advised us that the process of settlement was complete, with the exception that the matter of her residence must be settled. Where she is now is not satisfactory. We will continue to oversee the case until it is finally settled."
Delayed dismissal
Lorna, as the policewoman wishes to be called, lost her job in December 2004, when she experienced "personal conflict with a supervisor".
She continued to do her duties until one day she returned to the Half-Way Tree Police Station from guarding a prisoner at the Victoria Jubilee Hospital to find that there were no duties listed for her.
Since that day, Lorna wrote letters to the Ministry of National Security and to the Office of the Public Defender regarding her reinstatement. In 2005, she was finally told by then Commissioner of Police Francis Forbes to return to work, but by then she was blind and sick. It is not clear what caused her loss of sight.
In January 2007, having lost all of her possessions and running out of funds, she was placed in the Marie Atkins Shelter for the homeless.
Last week, Lena Latibeaudiere, inspector at the Kingston Poor Relief Department, said several efforts had been made to place Lorna in a home, but she was apparently fearful of being exploited.
Currently, the department, she said, is in dialogue with the District Constable Association with regards to her care. The Gleaner was unable to get additional information from the human resources section of the JCF on its efforts to find housing for the policewoman.Both men, Jerome Vassell and Akeem Davis, are alleged to have identified themselves as policemen to an illegal DVD vendor in Half-Way Tree before relieving the man of $3,000. The complainant reported that one of the men was wearing a red and black police vest.
Real policemen
The men were held after the complainant pointed them out to some real policemen after the incident. The vest has since been recovered.
Vassell and Davis have been in custody since last month.LOCAL charity Food For the Poor (FFP) last Friday sent home approximately 15 workers, saying that it has seen a decline in donations because of the world financial crisis.
According to a source close to the organisation, shipping and wharf charges collected by the Jamaican Government also had a role to play in the staff cuts since they were the highest among the 16 countries where FFP operates.
Six departments have been affected by the job cuts, the source said, and among the staff issued with pink slips was CEO of public affairs Bradley Finzi Smith who left the charity last Thursday, a day before the other staff members were notified that they no longer had a job with immediate effect.
The letter issued to the workers, a copy of which was obtained by the Observer, said in part: "As it has for many other organisations in Jamaica and around the world, the new year has opened with significant challenges for our operations. The downturn in the local and global economy has resulted in a decline in the number of donors for Food for the Poor Jamaica and a reduction in the value of donations to carry out our work.
"In times of difficulty it is the poor who are most negatively affected, and therefore we at Food for the Poor have an inescapable duty to do everything we can to safeguard the interest of the poor whom we serve.
"In the current circumstances, it is essential that we reduce administrative cost to ensure that the value of gifts often given in the spirit of the biblical widow's mite go directly to fulfilling our mission.
"Following a review of our operations, Food for the Poor Jamaica must now summon the courage and discipline to undertake painful but necessary cost-cutting measures to ensure that our efforts continue to be directed at the purpose of our existence.
"As we continue God's work with less resources, several staff positions at Food for the Poor Jamaica will have to be made redundant. Unfortunately. your position is among those that will have to be sacrificed effective today," the letter said.
Last month, Finzi Smith's colleague, Ron Burgess, CEO of operations, admitted in an interview with the Observer that the organisation was out of food. However, he said that was a result of a delay in the renegotiation process with the United States Department of Agriculture from which FFP received the bulk of its supplies.
Burgess had said that the 18-month contract between the two organisations ended in October and was pending renewal, but was taking some time because of the US political transition.
Staff at the local arm of FFP were apparently expecting the cuts when officials from FFP Florida arrived in the island for a meeting with FFP Jamaica directors last week, the Observer was told.
"We had figured that there would have been redundancies but we just didn't know who and how many would be going," said one staff member who was not affected by the cuts.
One of those who was affected, told the Observer he was worst off now than when he started at FFP several years ago. He said he no longer owns a car since he sold it when the company told him he would be able to own the one issued after a few years.
The organisation told the affected staff that they would be contacted this week about payments.
Kingston College students make their way home after school yesterday. - Norman Grindley/Acting Photography editor
Two students of Kingston College (KC) were yesterday taken into police custody for their involvement in a violent incident that left one of their peers injured.
The latest incident followed another on Tuesday when classes at the school's North Street campus ended abruptly after several ninth-grade students attacked and beat a teacher.
After the fracas on Tuesday, sixth formers were assigned to man the classes while the teachers staged a meeting to strategise the way forward.
The teacher who was attacked did not report for duty on Wednesday.
Eye injury
He told The Gleaner that he sustained an injury to his eye. He said the scuffle was between him and a student but then other students from the class joined in and started to attack him.
A sixth-former said that the męlée was broken up by fifth-form students who stormed into the classroom and rescued the teacher.
The teacher was reluctant to provide more details as he said it was now a court matter.
Everton Burrell, KC's principal, was out of office during our visit yesterday and Juliet Wilson, a vice-principal at the institution, refused to comment.
When The Gleaner visited the school's North Street campus, there was a loud roar as students rushed to a section of the schoolyard.
After the shouting and confusion subsided, our news team was told that at least two students had attacked another boy with knives. The boy, in defending himself reportedly struck one of his schoolmates in the head with his T-square. He had to receive medical attention.
On Wednesday, teachers, with the help of officials from the education ministry, school resource officers and guidance counsellors, conducted training and guidance sessions for the entire school day.
Margaret Muschette-Phillips, Jamaica Teachers' Association contact teacher at KC, said the boys were taught about ethics, how to deal with conflicts and the need to show respect to persons in authority.
Muschette-Phillips said the police warned the boys about the consequences of their actions and also briefed them about life behind bars.
She said teachers were not pleased with the student's misconduct.
Former president of the Kingston College Old Boys' Association, Dr Winston Davidson, said such aggressive behaviour displayed by the students should not be tolerated.
"With behaviour like that, those boys can't continue in the school. They should be expelled forthwith," he said.
Miranda Sutherland, president of the National Parent-Teachers Association of Jamaica, condemned fighting in school. Sutherland also said she believes that the violence in schools can be corrected, but not overnight. "It is not a situation that cannot be returned to normal but it will take time.""When God created Adam, He said the man should not be alone and so he proceeded to make Eve and marry them later," said King.
He added that marriage was necessary for individual and societal fulfilment as it was the primary institution of social engineering.
"As highlighted in the Bible, most of the people in the early days were married with a family, so it didn't say a person who is providing full-time service to the Lord shouldn't have a family," King argued.
King argued that though celibacy was a spiritual commitment, as evident in the life of the apostle Paul, that should be a personal decision, not an imposition from church authority.
However, the Rev Dr Karl Johnson, general secretary at the Jamaica Baptist Union, said he had great admiration for the devotion of priests and nuns.
"I respect persons who, in pursuit of their vocation, decide that they will forego the marital experience, as singleness is not a sin," Johnson said.Women can stop worrying about pear-shaped figures fat bottoms have been scientifically proven to be a sign of good health.
New research, published in the journal Cell Metabolism, suggests the fat responsible for producing the pear shape flaunted by celebrities such as Jennifer Lopez and Beyonce may be active in protecting women from diseases by releasing certain hormones.
Buttock and hip fat may protect women against type 2 diabetes, researchers from Harvard Medical School found.
When buttocks and hip fat from mice was injected into other mice, their bodies easily used the *lo** sugar-regulating hormone insulin and lost weight.
They were also able to make better use of insulin, the main hormone linked to diabetes.
People with the apple shape, where fat is stored around the tummy, can be more prone to type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Those with pear-shaped bodies, where fat is collected in the buttocks, are less likely to have these disorders.
Researcher Dr. Ronald Kahn insisted that not all fat was bad for health.
"The surprising thing was that it wasn't where the fat was located, it was the kind of fat that was the most important variable," he said.
"Even more surprising, it wasn't that abdominal fat was exerting negative effects, but that subcutaneous fat was producing a good effect.
I think it's an important result because not only does it say that not all fat is bad, but I think it points to a special aspect of fat where we need to do more research."
Scientists also monitored the health of the mice given the fat transplants. When it was inserted into the tummy area, the mice lost weight and their fat cells shrank. The researchers will now try to identify the hormones.
ALL THOSE LADIES WITH THE BIG BUTTS CONTINUE DOIN WHAT YOU DOING
The teenage son of Jamaican immigrants calmly admitted in court yesterday that he beat his mother to death with a baseball bat after an argument over his grades at a prestigious private school.
The sixteen-year-old showed no emotion as he answered questions in a Baltimore County, Maryland, court about whether he understood the significance of his guilty plea to first-degree murder in connection with the prolonged attack on his mother and a similar beating of his father, who survived.
Lifetime of problems
The youngster killed his mother in May 2008 after an argument about his grades at McDonogh School, a prestigious private school. But Shannell Harleston, one of the teenager's attorneys, said the initial subject of the dispute with his mother was immaterial.
"This is a lifetime of problems that he's been dealing with that suddenly came to a head," said Harleston after the hearing. "This particular day was the first time he had ever argued back. ... He just snapped that day."
Harleston would not specify what led to his emotional difficulties, but the teen told police after he was arrested that his parents had pushed him too hard and he could not take it anymore, according to a statement of facts read in court Monday by Assistant State's Attorney Charles R. Gayle.
Harleston said the teenager had not been abused by his parents.
Prosecutors are seeking a life sentence with the possibility of parole when he is sentenced April 3. His attorneys plan to ask for all but 15 years of the sentence to be suspended and to have their client sent to a maximum-security psychiatric facility with a programme for young offenders.
In exchange for the teenager's guilty plea, prosecutors dropped all other charges, including a count of attempted murder for the attack on his father, who suffered two skull fractures when his son beat him with the same aluminium bat.
State's Attorney Scott D. Shellenberger said after the hearing that he did not believe Patuxent was an appropriate placement for the young man. Prosecutors will argue that he should serve his sentence in a state prison.
If he receives a life sentence, he could be eligible for parole after 12 years with good behaviour Parole for an offender serving a life sentence in Maryland requires the approval of the governor, which hasn't happened since 1994.
The teenager lived with his parents in an upper-middle-class neighbourhood in the Baltimore suburb of Towson. He had no history of violent behavior and took honours-level classes at McDonogh, where annual tuition exceeds $20,000.THE introduction of a state of the art video identification system came in for high praises from members of the justice system, constabulary and others who witnessed the launch at the Kingston Central Police Station yesterday.
The system was funded by the United States and British governments at a cost of just under $15 million after a request last year by Police Commissioner, Rear Admiral Hardley Lewin, for assistance to modernise the constabulary. It will allow witnesses and victims of crime to identify suspects in a safe environment and will eventually replace the conventional identification parades.
At present, identification parades sometimes take weeks to be completed as law enforcement officials often struggle to compile a group of persons with similar features to those of accused persons, the police said.
According to head of the Serious and Organised Crime Branch, Assistant Commissioner Les Green, the video database will consist of head and shoulder moving images of suspects, along with volunteer images which will be shown to the witness or suspect.
Green said the compilation will be shown in the presence of the suspect's attorney or a Justice of the Peace.
In addition, all activities inside the new identification parade room will be recorded by a closed circuit television system to ensure the security and integrity of the system. The taking of the image and the showing of the parade will be done in the presence of an attorney or a Justice of the Peace to ensure that the interests of the suspect are upheld, Green said.
"We have over 20,000 images on the database already, but there are some particular volunteers who are not on the system - persons with long dreadlocks, rastafarians, albinos and other persons. It's persons with unusual appearances that are not on the system," Green said.
Director of Public Prosecutions, Paula Llewellyn, was full of praises for the system which she said will allow for the protection of witnesses and accused persons and will be a welcome enhancement to an overburdened justice system.
"This particular process will not only help the prosecution which has the responsibility to prove the case beyond any reasonable doubt, but to prove the identity of the offender," Llewellyn told reporters. "I see this as one other tool that law enforcement can use with integrity and fairness to make sure that the operational efficiencies of the justice system will be maintained."
And Public Defender Earl Witter also praised the implementation of the identification equipment while Director of the Narcotics Affairs Division of the US Embassy, Andrea Lewis, praised local authorities in their bid to modernise the capabilities of the island's constabulary.
The system will come on stream early next month and will be installed at police stations in Kingston, St Catherine, Manchester, St James and St Ann. Six police sergeants have been trained in the use of the equipment by cops from the British Metropolitan Police.
TRANSPORT Minister Mike Henry says he will be making a submission to Cabinet and later a statement to Parliament on the report about the December 19 Portland accident which killed
14 Jamaicans.
Henry said Thursday that he had received reports from both the Island Traffic Authority (ITA) and the Road Safety Unit of his ministry, on the accident.
Details of the reports were not made available, however, sources said it dealt with issues such as the experience and capability of the truck driver. The reports also dealt with the source of the accident, the road conditions and whether or not the vehicle was overloaded, the source said.
In the meantime, Henry, who has visited the accident scene on more than one occasion, has promised residents improvements to the road infrastructure in the rural parish, including the construction of a new bridge to replace the old Alligator Church Bridge.
However, he admitted at Wednesday's post-Cabinet press briefing at Jamaica House that there was a resource problem, and suggested a joint effort with the Members of Parliament through their Constituency Development Fund resources.
Henry said that the area has great agricultural and ecological potential which should support infrastructural development.
Tragedy struck in Dam Bridge, Rio Grande Valley on December 19, when a truck with vendors travelling to the Coronation Market in Kingston plunged 30 metres over a precipice. Fourteen people were killed and several others were injured. The dead are from the districts of Millbank, Comfort Castle, Ginger Castle and Seaman's Valley.
The Government has assisted with the burial of the victims and has established a fund to provide long-term financial assistance to about 50 children who lost their parents.
Christopher Clarke, the 31-year-old mechanic/driver was charged by the Port Antonio police with 14 counts of manslaughter, driving without insurance, operating contrary to a driver's licence, and failing to report an accident. Clarke, who had fled the accident scene, turned himself in to the police on December 30.
The Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences is on the warpath against scalpers charging an astronomical amount for tickets to the Oscars.
In a lawsuit filed Monday in Federal District Court, the Academy claims McMurry Inc. and the individuals who run it are trying to sell packages to the Oscars at $175,000 a pop. The Academy says unsuspecting people may be buying the packages, not realizing the tickets are non-transferable and the guests would in fact be trespassers.
And get this ...the Academy claims the defendants are aware of the high security at the awards so the scalpers are doing their own screening for "celebrity stalkers and terrorists."
The packages -- offered on the McMurry website and it's magazine "6" -- include a seven-day stay in L.A., luxury hotel accommodations, a sightseeing trip and tickets to the Academy Awards.
The Academy is asking a judge for an injunction to put the brakes on McMurry. It also wants compensatory and punitive damages.
CHICAGO - A 14-year-old boy accused of impersonating a police officer and going on patrol has pleaded not guilty.
The teenager appeared in a juvenile courtroom on Monday with his hands cuffed behind his back. A judge ordered that he be held at the juvenile center because he could pose a danger to himself.
On Saturday the teen, wearing an officer's uniform, walked into a police station and was assigned to go on patrol. He partnered with another officer for about five hours before the ruse was discovered.
Cannabis has been reclassified as a Class B drug in England and Wales, amid concerns that it impacts on mental health, according to a BBC report.
The reclassification of the drug, which was a Class C, has come into effect despite complaints that the new laws are "illogical".
According to the BBC report, ministers went against their advisers to upgrade the drug because of worries about its impact on mental health.
Class C includes substances such as tranquillisers, some painkillers, GHB (so-called 'liquid ecstasy') and ketamine. Possession of Class C drugs is treated largely as a non-arrestable offence.
Magistrates welcomed the reclassi-fication, but said planned fines for possessing small amounts undermined the more serious classification.
They said it sent the signal that cannabis was not as bad as other Class B drugs.
There are plans to introduce a 'three-strikes' system for cannabis possession, starting with a warning, then an Ł80 spot fine for a second offence. Scotland and Northern Ireland have opted out of the penalties arrangement for England and Wales, retaining the former system for Class B drugs.
Only when a third offence is committed will the person be liable for arrest and prosecution.
Currently, police can only warn or prosecute people caught in possession of cannabis.
The maximum prison term for possessing cannabis rises from two to five years with its reclassification.
Home Office Minister Alan Campbell said: "Cannabis is a harmful drug and while fewer people are taking it than before, it poses a real risk to the health of those who do use it."A woman was killed and 14 people injured during a motor vehicle collision at the intersection of the Sandy Bay main road and Bustamante Highway last Saturday.
Dead is Melrose Anderson, 27 of Cheapside, Manchester. Seven men and seven women of Manchester, Clarendon, Portland and St Andrew addresses were injured.
Police say about 7:15 a.m. a white Toyota Hiace minibus was travelling on the Bustamante Highway towards Kingston with passengers. When the bus reached the intersection it collided with a white Isuzu pickup, which was entering the highway from the Sandy Bay main road.
The impact caused the bus to overturn landing on Anderson who was thrown from the vehicle. She died on the spot . The injured persons were taken to the May Pen Hospital where 10 were treated and released and four admitted in stable condition. The driver of the Isuzu pickup is now in police custody.UNITED STATES President Barack Obama spent his first full day at the White House taking on issues likely to consume the early part of his presidency - dealing with the economic crisis, calling leaders in the Middle East, and moving towards the closure of the Guantánamo Bay prison.
Claiming his place in history as the first black US president, Obama faces the challenge of pulling the US economy out of its nosedive and also must move on his promise to withdraw American forces from Iraq and send still more soldiers to the US's other war in Afghanistan.
Obama met with top US military and economic advisers yesterday and also called the leaders of Israel, the Palestinian Authority, Egypt and Jordan.
His press secretary, Robert Gibbs, said Obama emphasised that he would work to consolidate the ceasefire between Israel and Hamas in Gaza.
The new president also signalled that a flurry of executive actions should be expected soon. His administration was already circulating a draft executive order that calls for closing the detention centre at Guantánamo Bay within a year and that would declare a halt to all trials currently under way at the facility.
It was not known when the president intended to issue the order.
Obama ventured into the Oval Office for the first time as president around 8:30 a.m., after returning to the White House from a round of inaugural balls about 1 a.m., Gibbs said.
Public visitors
The president and the new first lady, Michelle Obama, then headed to the National Cathedral for a prayer service, a tradition dating to the country's first president, George Washington.
In addition to meeting with his advisers, Obama was welcoming public visitors into the White House, as Congress was scrutinising his economic revival plan and taking up the nominations of Hillary Rodham Clinton as secretary of state and Timothy Geithner for treasury secretary.
A new poll underscored the sense of anticipation that accompanied Obama into office.
Yesterday, the Senate voted 94-2, confirming Clinton as secretary of state.
The Associated Press-Knowledge Networks survey found that, by a 3-1 margin, people feel more optimistic about the country's future now that Obama has been inaugurated, including 30 per cent of Republicans.
MEN Syndication
PC John Nash, 25, only realised the horrific extent of the injury after the man he arrested told him: Mate, youve got to go to hospital.
John had been in the force only six days when he started pursuing two cars being driven erratically.
Recovering ... John now
MEN Syndication
One of the cars pulled over and the PC began to chase the men but he slipped head-first into a bush and skewered his eye on the end of a branch.
The six-inch piece of wood snapped off but, incredibly, John was unaware how badly he was hurt. It had pierced his eyelid, smashed a cheekbone, forced itself under his eyeball and had come to rest against his brain. But John carried on chasing one of the men in Rochdale, Gtr Manchester.
He said: I thought Id hit my baton as I fell. I just thought Id given myself a black eye.
The suspect was still trying to get over a fence and I grabbed his ankle. He kept referring to my face and I said, That doesnt matter come on. Then somebody said, Get an ambulance quick. I wondered whether he was talking about me.
John underwent three hours of surgery at Blackburn Royal Hospital, Lancs. He has retained some sight in the eye and hopes it will return to normal.
Surgeon Annaswami Vijaykumar said: If the wood had entered a few millimetres differently the eye would have been permanently damaged. John, who is engaged, added: I would do the same again tomorrow. I love my job.
The suspect was later released.
UPDATE: Bank of America has just announced that Thain will leave the firm, less than a month after its merger with Merrill.
The Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) yesterday denied reports that a new official car valued at $13 million was being purchased for Prime Minister Bruce Golding.
"A contract, in the amount of US$64,400 (J$5.4 million), was approved by the National Contracts Commission (NCC) on December 10 for the purchase of an official vehicle for the prime minister," the OPM said in a release.
"However, Prime Minister (Bruce) Golding gave instructions for the order to be cancelled, as he considered it important to set an example at a time when Government must use every possible means to reduce expenditure and contain the fiscal deficit," the release added.
The release pointed out that the official car being used by the prime minister is 16 years old and was "purchased shortly after Mr P J Patterson became prime minister in 1992".
"It has broken down on four occasions while conveying Prime Minister Golding and a decision was taken for it to be replaced. With the cancellation of the order for a new vehicle, the prime minister will continue to use the 16-year-old vehicle," OPM said.
The OPM also disclosed that a letter issued by Golding on January 19 gave instructions that there is to be no expenditure on official vehicles or official residences for Government ministers during this year, except for essential maintenance.
Internet hacker(s) gained access to the MSN e-mail account (Hotmail) of information minister Olivia 'Babsy' Grange on Sunday and attempted to scam money from more than 500 contacts in the minister's database.
While the attempt was not successful, this was the second MSN e-mail scam attempt of this kind as Newstalk 93 FM disc jockey Tony Gallimore also had a similar experience earlier this month.
Speaking with THE STAR yesterday, Grange said the hacker(s) gained access to her e-mail after she responded to a prompting she received while using her Hotmail account. "I was going through my mail on Sunday and a message popped up saying that MSN was shutting down and I needed to send in my account details to verify my account and keep it active," the minister said. "I was locked out of my e-mail after I sent in that information."
Minister Grange said the mail started circulating shortly afterwards as contacts from all over the world started calling her to validate the authenticity of the message.
Soft loan
An excerpt from the mail, similar to the one that was sent out after Gallimore's e-mail was hacked, read: "How are you doing? hope all is well with you and family, I am sorry that I didn't inform you about my travelling to England for a programme called Empowering youth to fight racism, HIV/AIDS and lack of education.
"I need a favour from you a soft loan urgently with the sum of $2,500 to sort-out my hotel bills and get myself back home, let me know if you can be of help so that I can send you the details to use when sending the money through western union."
The information minister said that one contact came close to falling for the scam. That individual called another friend to ascertain what currency the money should be sent in, as the e-mail, while stating the 'Babsy' was in England, did not ask for pound sterling.
Minister Grange said the matter was not reported to the police but noted that she was in dialogue with MSN.com, which promised to investigate the hacking.
Persons are being warned to exercise caution if asked for their e-mail account details (username and password) on any website while browsing the Internet. Hackers often create these prompting to obtain account details and later control the accounts, locking out the original owner.
Yet another claim that a common and contagious virus is linked to some cases of obesity is in the news today.
Studies on humans show that 33 per cent of obese adults had contracted an adenovirus called AD-36 at some point in their lives, according to an article in the UK's Daily Express, whereas only 11 per cent of lean men and women have had the virus.
The research, to be presented in a BBC television special, is not big news to scientists, however. Further, some worry that the portrayal of obesity as something you simply catch could obscure the fact that overeating remains the biggest driver of obesity.
The facts
The National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that about one-third of U.S. adults are obese, as are 16 percent of children and adolescents age 2 to 19.
Obesity increases the risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke and other illnesses.
It is increasingly clear, several experts say, that viruses might play a role in some obesity cases. There are 49 known human adenoviruses. They cause everything from the common cold to gastrointestinal problems and eye inflammation, pneumonia, croup, and bronchitis.
THE HAGUE, Netherlands A Congolese warlord pleaded not guilty to recruiting child soldiers and sending them to fight and die in ethnic battles as the International Criminal Court began its historic first trial Monday.
The trial of Thomas Lubanga has been hailed as a legal landmark by human rights activists because it is the first international criminal prosecution to focus solely on child soldiers.
Wearing a dark suit and red tie, Lubanga showed no emotion as his French lawyer, Catherine Mabille, said he pleaded not guilty to using children under age 15 as soldiers in the armed wing of his Union of Congolese Patriots political party in 2002-03.
Lubanga's militia "recruited, trained and used hundreds of young children to kill, pillage and rape. The children still suffer the consequences of Lubanga's crimes," prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo told a three-judge panel in his opening statement. "They cannot forget what they suffered, what they saw, what they did."
Moreno-Ocampo showed judges video of Lubanga at a training camp. The footage featured young men and children, some dressed in military fatigues, others in T-shirts and shorts. Another video showed a pickup full of heavily armed bodyguards, including at least two who appeared to be children, following Lubanga's vehicle.
The prosecutor said children were abducted on the way to school or from sports fields. They were beaten and killed during training. Young girls were taken as "wives" by commanders.
"As soon as the girls' breasts started to grow, Thomas Lubanga's commanders could select them as their wives," he said. "Wives is the wrong word. They were sexual slaves."
Lubanga, a 48-year-old psychology graduate, claims he was a patriot fighting to prevent rebels and foreign fighters from plundering the vast mineral wealth of Congo's eastern Ituri region.
The United Nations estimates that up to 250,000 child soldiers are still fighting in more than a dozen countries around the world.
"This first ICC trial makes it clear that the use of children in armed c****at is a war crime that can and will be prosecuted," said Param-Preet Singh, counsel in Human Rights Watch's International Justice Program.
Lubanga was arrested by Congolese authorities in 2005 and flown to The Hague a year later. He is one of only four suspects in the court's custody all of them Congolese.
The trial opened as other judges at the court, which started work six years ago, are close to deciding whether to issue an arrest warrant for Sudan's President Omar al-Bashir on charges of genocide in Darfur province.
Originally slated to begin last June, Lubanga's trial was held up by a dispute between judges and prosecutors over confidential evidence.
The United Nations and non-governmental groups provided more than 200 pieces of evidence some of which prosecutors said might help Lubanga clear his name on condition they not be shown to defense lawyers or even to the judges in the case.
That raised fears Lubanga might be unable to get a fair trial. It took months of wrangling before judges and Lubanga's lawyers were granted access to the evidence.
The trial also is the first international prosecution to feature the participation of victims. A total of 93 victims are being represented by eight lawyers and can apply for reparations.
Prosecutors plan to call 34 witnesses and hope to wrap up their case against Lubanga in a few months.
Nine witnesses will be former child soldiers who will recount the horror of their military service, Moreno-Ocampo said.
"They will come to confront past crimes and present prejudices, in particular within their communities," he said. "It takes courage."
Catastrophic earthquakes could hit the Caribbean causing tsunamis. - Contributed
The Caribbean has a reputation for being ravaged by hurricanes. However, what many do not realise is that a natural-disaster time b**** is slowly ticking in the region.
This month marks the 102nd anniversary of an earthquake that measured a relatively mild 6.5 on the Richter scale, but killed over 800 people in Kingston, Jamaica.
The 1907 earthquake that devastated Jamaica occurred on January 14 at 3:32 p.m. on a hot, cloudless Monday.
Devastation exacerbated
The earthquake was preceded by the sound of a mighty wind and followed by the sound of a train roaring in a tunnel.
The ground shook so violently that people and buildings were tossed about like puppets. In less than a minute, Kingston was flattened, with hundreds lying dead or dying buried beneath piles of rubble.
Twenty minutes later, the devastation was exacerbated as fire engulfed the streets of Kingston and raged continuously for four days.
However, it is water, not fire, that is the principal danger where earthquakes are concerned.
In the first documented major earthquake in the Caribbean, Jamaica's Port Royal was devastated on June 7, 1692.
The city was turned upside down by massive tsunami waves that dumped the harbour's ships on to the once bustling streets and *u*ked the dead bodies and bones from uprooted graves out into the harbour.
In total, it is estimated that between 1,500 and 2,000 people died.
Experts from the University of North Carolina and University of Texas in the United States (US) believe they have evidence of at least 10 significant tsunamis in the northern Caribbean since 1492.
All 10 have been triggered by earthquakes caused by friction along the boundary of the North American and Caribbean tectonic plates.
This boundary, which lies along the north coast of Hispaniola, extends for 3,200 kilometres from Central America to the Lesser Antilles.
Warning system
All earthquakes of 7.0 magnitude or greater on the Richter scale have the capability of creating a tsunami, and within the last 500 years, there have been at least 12 global earthquakes of such magnitude.
The last major Caribbean tsunami took place in 1946 and killed about 100 people at Matanzas, near Nagua in the Dominican Republic.
Since then, things have been ominously quiet and due to the clockwork-like nature of the region, scientists are wondering when, not if, another tsunami will strike.
Despite proposals to build an early-warning system in the Caribbean following the deaths of over 225,000 people in the 2004 Asian tsunami, there is no such system yet in place.
A tsunami early-warning system for the Caribbean region may come into place by 2011.
Data-sharing system
It took a major step closer to realisation on March 12 last year, when a United Nations-backed coordination group decided to give the go-ahead for a regional data-sharing system.
However, this means that the 40 million inhabitants of the Caribbean will have no forewarning in the meantime and no contingency plans should a tsunami take place.
Geologist Uri ten Brink of the US Geological Survey, who has been studying the seismology of the Caribbean, believes the area is at major risk from natural disasters.
"The threat of major earthquakes in the Caribbean, and the possibility of a resulting tsunami are real," he said.
"Local earthquakes, such as from the fault line of Hispaniola, or effects from distant earth-quakes, can be severe.
According to ten Brink, landslides and volcanic eruptions can also cause major earthquakes and potential tsunamis in this region.
"It has happened before, and it will happen again."
As ten Brink warns, the Caribbean is under extreme threat from potential tsunamis brought about by landslides and volcanic eruptions.
The biggest danger comes from all the way across the Atlantic. British scientists have identified a geological time b**** that will create the extraordinary pheno-menon known as a mega tsunami. This 'time b****' is located on one of the Canary Islands, just off the coast of North Africa.
Dr Simon Day, who works at the Benfield Greig Hazard Research Centre, at the University College of London, warns that one flank of the Cumbre Vieja volcano on the island of La Palma could be plunged into the ocean by the next volcanic eruption.
"If the volcano collapsed in one block of rock, weighing 500 billion tonnes, it would create an undersea wave 2,000 feet tall," said Dr Day.
"Within five minutes of the landslide, a dome of water about a mile high would form and then collapse, before the mega tsunami fanned out in every direction, travelling at speeds of up to 500 miles per hour."
Bill McGuire, director of the Benfield Grieg Hazard Research Centre reports that mega tsunami waves last much longer than a regular tsunami.
"When one of these comes in, it keeps on coming for 10 to 15 minutes," Professor McGuire said.
Between nine and 12 hours after the collapse of the island, waves between 20 and 50 metres high will crash into the Caribbean islands and eastern seaboard of North America, having crossed 4,000 miles.
"The US government must beware of the La Palma threat. They should certainly be worried, and so should the island states in the Caribbean that will really bear the brunt of a collapse," said Professor McGuire.
Catastrophic disasters rare
Catastrophic natural disasters are rare, according to the experts, and occur on average every 10,000 years.
However, some, including Professor McGuire, fear La Palma could collapse at any time.
"The thing about La Palma is we know it's on the move now," said Professor McGuire. Scientists believe the chunk of land is slipping slowly into the water and think it is highly likely that another eruption will make the entire western flank collapse.
The potential of a massive human disaster is not only limited to the Caribbean and North America. Britain will also face the fury of some of the tsunami. Britain's southern seaside resorts and ports will be hit by waves of around 10 metres, causing huge damage.
Even with an early-warning system in place, experts are worried that a huge tsunami would offer no safe place for Caribbean residents to escape to in time.
While day-to-day life carries on in these islands, the ticking geographical time b**** could go off at any time, turning paradise into a living hell.
I told him ... 'Bite your tongue!'
I too am a single mother with a young adult son who I had to confiscate knives from.
I had to take away only two, but I did not argue with him. I sat him down and talked about it. He said he wanted to be able to protect himself because he was teased sometimes too. However, I explained to him that although we don't always know when people may want to harm us, we must be prepared to take responsibility for our actions.
I told him that if in protecting himself he was killed, I would lose and if he killed the person, I would still lose. I made him understand that when we have weapons, we are less likely to walk away from simple arguments.
I taught him to bite his tongue and walk away because although words can be hurtful, a stab, cut, chop, thump or a gunshot wound hurts even more and can be fatal. He still gets angry sometimes and I am still trying to make him understand to take it easy, but talking is key.